General

What exactly is the effect of the high bubble density?

There are many nanobubble generators on the market, but they vary greatly in performance. Not all of the bubbles produced by nanobubble generators are nano-sized. Depending on the product, only about 10% of the bubbles will be nanobubbles and the rest will be large bubbles.
When the bubbles are large, they collide with each other and form large bubbles that rise to the surface of the water, which greatly shortens the life of the bubbles.
A shorter bubble life means that the oxygen generator, for example, will need to run at a higher output, resulting in a large power loss.
Also, large bubbles can cause pneumatophorus disease, which kills fish and shrimp larvae in the aquaculture farming.

How much electricity does the diffuser consume?

The diffuser itself does not require any power, only the pumps and oxygen generators that run with it.

Is it possible to customize the size and shape?

Yes, we can customize for your needs, please contact us freely.

I would like to compare with another company's product, what is the closest product?

The ultra-fine pore type nanobubble generator is a proprietary patent of CWM, and there is no strictly similar product.
If you would like to compare it with a nanobubble generator using a different method, please contact us for a comparison document.

Please tell me about maintenance?

As long as you are using the system by following the instructions in the installation manual, no special maintenance is required. If you encounter any problems such as bubbles not being produced properly, please contact CWM.

Won't the machine get clogged by water contamination, etc.?

There is no need to worry about clogging, but it would be better to have at least a screening system since shrimp molt shells can clog the piping.
I'm not sure about this, so I'd like to conduct a pilot project.
We recommend using a small device and an oxygen gas cylinder.

How long do nanobubbles last in water?

It depends greatly on the conditions.
When nanobubble water was kept sealed and refrigerated, the density of the bubbles only decreased by about 10% after more than a month.
There are three conditions under which the number of bubbles decreases:
1) When bubbles collide with each other and rise to the surface of the water in large bubbles. The number of bubbles is more likely to decrease when the water is heavily mixed or disturbed by large bubbles from other aeration devices, etc.
2) when the bubbles are exposed to the open air at the water surface, and
3) when they are consumed. For example, if oxygen bubbles are consumed by organisms (shrimp, fish, etc.), the bubbles will disappear there. If the environment is not affected by these conditions, the bubbles will be preserved for a very long time.

Livestock

Are there any health benefits other than hygiene?

We are studying about it.
This is also a user-based comment, but I have heard that when chickens are given oxygen nanobubble water (ozone decomposes into oxygen) to drink, the eggshells of the chickens became thicker and the chickens became stronger, but as with the previous question, I have not obtained or analyzed the data while comparing it scientifically. However, as with the previous question, we have not obtained or analyzed any data for scientific comparison.
As soon as we have new information, we will report it to you.

Does it work against red-mites?

We are studying about it.
On a user basis, we have heard that the use of ozone has significantly reduced the occurrence of red mites, but this has not been observed as scientific data.
It is possible that the use of FROW in the high-pressure cleaning water will have a positive effect.
As soon as we have new information, we will report it to you.

Is it proven to be safe to spray?

Yes. The safety of the product is high.
As for the ozone concentration in the space, the allowable concentration in the indoor and working environment is 0.1ppm, so if it is higher than that, it is illegal to use in the inhabited space.
We believe that the judgment of safety is proven as a result of the following calculation.
The safety design assumes that 100 cc is sprayed into 1 m3 in 1 hour.
The regulatory value of 0.1 ppm/m3 requires 0.1 ml (0.1 cm3) of ozone.
Since 1mol is 22.4L, 1mmol=22.4mL, 5mgO3/L = 5/48 = 0.104mmol/L (O3=16*3=48g/mol).
If 1L of "5ppm ozone water" vaporizes instantly, the ozone will be 0.104*22.4 = 2.33mL of ozone gas.
In other words, if 5ppm ozonized water, which is the specification target, vaporizes in a flash, 2.33mL of ozone will be produced.
The regulation value is 0.1ppm, so 0.1/2.33*1000= 43cc of "5ppm ozone water".
However, ozone rapidly decays due to the reaction with all kinds of suspended matter including viruses in the air, the reaction with attached objects, and the influence of sunlight.
The above calculation is based on the "maximum instantaneous value when the entire 43cc volume evaporates (or is sprayed) instantaneously in a 1m3 space", and if 100cc is sprayed over an hour, we believe it is reasonable to assume that it will not exceed 0.1ppm even if the space is sealed.

Can it be used for processed organic products?

Yes, it can. But the public regulation is different in each country. It is legal in Japan at least.
Until the revision in 2016, ozone was not on the list of additives allowed to be used in organic products.
Article 4 of the "Japanese Agricultural Standards for Organic Processed Foods" of 2016 states that ozone "shall be used only for processed agricultural products or for disinfecting the intestines of animals used for processed meat products or for washing eggs. and "Appendix 1: Additives".
Therefore, under the above conditions, there is no problem with organic certification.

Can ozone water deactivate virus/bacteria?

Yes.
Ozone Water has stronger in sterilization to virus and bacteria compare to hypochlorous.
O3 water is 20 times in enterobacterium, 5 times in virus, 50 times in endospore, 10 times in ameba stronger than hypochlorous.

Can ozone water replace the medical disinfectants?

Yes it can. FROW can substitute tremendous chemicals.
Replaceability to autoclave is one possibility, yet no experiment is conducted so far.

Is there any health risk of ozone water?

The risk is extremely low. Ozone is rapidly consumed and becomes oxygen.
Only few reports were found despite careful research on academic database (PubMed, etc.) that describe about toxicity of O3 water.
These are some reports we found.

How long is the lifespan of ozone nanobubbles?

Hyperdense-Nanobubble can last much longer than other conventional nanobubbles.
FROW can hold O3 excessively long time compare to conventional ozone water.
Also, OPR marks over 1,100mV, it is because of occurrence of OH radicals.
In addition, O3 thickness reaches over 10 ppm while conventional solution reaches less than 4ppm.

How is it different from hypochlorite solution?

There is a big difference. Please refer to the following summary.

Aquaculture

Is it safe to use with aeration paddles?

Some customers use them for denitrification or to create water flow, but they do not work well with nanobubbles.

Please tell me about the cost effectiveness of the system.

It varies greatly depending on the farm.
First of all, the aeration equipment used in the past is no longer necessary. Also, the administration of antibiotics can be greatly reduced or even eliminated.
The density of aquaculture can also be increased, so it is not difficult to achieve a return on investment.

What exactly is the effect of the high bubble density?

There are many nanobubble generators on the market, but they vary greatly in performance. Not all of the bubbles produced by nanobubble generators are nano-sized. Depending on the product, only about 10% of the bubbles will be nanobubbles and the rest will be large bubbles.
When the bubbles are large, they collide with each other and form large bubbles that rise to the surface of the water, which greatly shortens the life of the bubbles.
A shorter bubble life means that the oxygen generator, for example, will need to run at a higher output, resulting in a large power loss.
Also, large bubbles can cause pneumatophorus disease, which kills fish and shrimp.

How much electricity does the diffuser consume?

The diffuser itself does not require any power, only the pumps and oxygen generators that run with it.

Can the system be effective in a small, extensive aquaculture farm?

Yes, the system will work even if the farm is extensive.

Do I need to use an oxygen generator?

There are two ways to supply oxygen. One is to use an oxygen generator (PSA). The other is to use oxygen gas cylinders. In the long run, PSA is cheaper, even including power consumption. However, PSA is a big investment, so we recommend using oxygen gas cylinders for the trial project.

Does it protect against EMS and other viruses and pathogens?

No. The Nano-Inset provides sufficient oxygen to enhance the immune system of shrimp and fish. As a result, shrimp and fish may become more resistant to diseases, but this is not necessarily guaranteed since it depends on the density of the aquaculture.
Ozone is the most effective countermeasure against pathogens and viruses. However, ozone reacts with bromine contained in seawater to synthesize bromic acid. Bromic acid is highly toxic and can kill shrimp and fish.
Since ozone is useful as a countermeasure against pathogens and viruses, if it is to be used, the ozone concentration should be carefully monitored and used.
The following paper has been published on the use of ozone nanobubbles in shrimp farms. In this paper, Nano-Inset was used in the experiment and the data is very credible.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29399827/

Is it safe to use for juvenile fish or shrimp larvae?

No problem, but you should be careful. Many nanobubble generators and oxygen cones can cause pneumatophorus disease, which is a condition that causes large bubbles to form in the gills of fry and larvae, leading to their death. The bubbles created by Nano-Inset are compressed by surface tension, so they are unlikely to cause pneumatophorus. However, if the equipment is not optimized, it may cause pneumatophorus disease.

How long does it take to take effect?

The effect is immediate, but it is recommended to allow some time for the effect to be optimized.
If the quality of the raw water or the risk of pathogen invasion is high, it is recommended to let the aquaculture organisms run for a while until the bacterial flora in the water changes properly before adding them.

How compatible is Nano-Inset with ordinary aerators and aeration systems?

We do not recommend using it with other aerators or aeration systems. If you are going to use it with an aeration system for agitation purposes, etc., we recommend that you run them alternately.

How is it different from oxygen cones?

Oxygen cones are not bubbles, but a pressurized dissolution system. It is the same mechanism as carbonation in soft drinks, so even if oxygen is dissolved, it will easily volatilize. One of our customers had an oxygen cone, and they said that when they used Nano-Inset to maintain the same dissolved oxygen value, their oxygen consumption dropped to 1/5.

How high can I go in terms of aquaculture density?

It depends on the organism to be cultivated, the system, the environment, etc. For example, a customer cultivating shrimp has achieved a density of 5%.

Is it okay to use air instead of oxygen?

We do not recommend it, especially for aquaculture use. Air contains only 20% oxygen.
This means that it is 1/5 as effective as using pure oxygen.

What is the right size combination of aquaculture pond and diffuser?

It depends on the organisms to be cultivated, the system, the environment, the density, the quality of the raw water, and many other conditions.
The following combinations are only a rough estimate and should be determined after a small trial project.

Is it safe to use with seawater?

As long as you are using oxygen, there is no problem at all. However, ozone reacts with bromine contained in seawater to synthesize bromic acid. Bromic acid is highly toxic and can kill shrimp and fish.
Ozone is useful as a countermeasure against pathogens and viruses, so if it is to be used, the ozone concentration should be carefully monitored and used.
The following paper has been published on the use of ozone nanobubbles in shrimp farms. In this paper, Nano-Inset was used in the experiment and the data is very credible.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29399827/